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Motion picture studio

"Cannon Group" redirects here. Not to exist dislocated with Coulee Group.

The Cannon Grouping, Inc.
Type Individual
Industry Film production
Founded Oct 23, 1967; 55 years ago  (1967-ten-23)
Founders Dennis Friedland
Christopher C. Dewey
Defunct January 21, 1994; 29 years ago  (January 21, 1994)
Fate Ceased operations and folded into MGM
Headquarters United states
(Also owned studios and movie theater bondage throughout the UK, Israel and Europe)

Central people

 Dennis Friedland
(1967–1979)
Christopher C. Dewey
(1967–1979)
Menahem Golan
(1979–1989)[1]
Yoram Globus
(1979–1994)
Giancarlo Parretti
(1989–1990)
Ovidio Grand. Assonitis
(1989–1994)
Christopher Pearce
(1990–1994)
Products Move pictures
Video releasing
Picture palace Chains (UK & Europe)
Subsidiaries Cannon Video
Cannon Cinemas
Thorn EMI Screen Entertainment
HBO/Cannon Video
ABC Cinemas

The Cannon Group, Inc. was an American group of companies, including Cannon Films, which produced films from 1967 to 1994.[2] The all-encompassing group also owned, amidst others, a large international cinema chain and a video film visitor that invested heavily in the video market place, buying the international video rights to several archetype picture libraries. Some of their all-time known films include Joe (1970), Delinquent Railroad train (1985) and Street Smart (1987), all of which were Oscar-nominated.

History [edit]

1967–1979: Beginnings [edit]

Cannon Films was incorporated on October 23, 1967. It was formed by Dennis Friedland and Chris Dewey while they were in their early 20s. They had immediate success producing English-language versions of Swedish soft porn films directed past Joseph W. Sarno: Inga (1968), aka Jag––en oskuld and To Ingrid, My Love, Lisa (1968), aka Kvinnolek. By 1970, they had produced films on a larger production scale than a lot of major distributors, such as Joe, starring Peter Boyle. They managed this by tightly limiting their budgets to $300,000 per movie—or less, in some cases. The success of Joe brought more than attention to the visitor.[3] However, as the 1970s moved on, a string of unsuccessful films seriously drained Cannon's capital. This, forth with changes to flick-product taxation laws, led to a drop in Cannon's stock price.

1979–1985: Golan-Globus era [edit]

Past 1979, Cannon had hitting serious financial difficulties, and Friedland and Dewey sold Cannon to Israeli cousins Menahem Golan (who had directed The Apple) and Yoram Globus for $500,000.[4] The two cousins forged a business organization model of buying lesser-barrel scripts and putting them into production. They produced such films in a diverseness of genres, although their biggest successes were with action films; they tapped into a ravenous market for B movies in the 1980s.[v] After buying the rights to the 1974 film Decease Wish, Cannon produced three sequels to information technology in the 1980s, all starring Charles Bronson. Despite negative reviews, these films were financially successful, especially Death Wish 2 (1982), which earned over $forty one thousand thousand on an $eight million budget.

Other major hits for Cannon were a serial of action movies starring Chuck Norris, including Missing in Action (1984),[6] Invasion U.s.A. (1985) and The Delta Force (1986). Missing in Action was criticized heavily as beingness a preemptive cash-in on the Rambo franchise.[7] [eight] James Cameron's story treatment for Rambo: First Blood Part 2 was floating around Hollywood in 1983, which Golan and Globus reviewed and were "inspired" by.[7] [8] The writers of MIA even gave Cameron credit saying their film was inspired by his script treatment.[9] But Cannon had initially put the prequel Missing in Activeness 2: The Beginning into product. Only after the two movies were completed had the company realized that the planned 2nd movie was superior to the first one. So, the first flick produced became an awkward prequel.[10]

The Cannon Group ignited a worldwide ninja craze with "The Ninja Trilogy", a film serial which consisted of Enter the Ninja (1981), Revenge of the Ninja (1983), and Ninja 3: The Domination (1984), all starring Sho Kosugi, also as American Ninja (1985) and its sequel American Ninja two: The Confrontation (1987). Other action/adventure films they produced included the 3-D Treasure of the 4 Crowns, Male monarch Solomon's Mines, and the vigilante thriller sequel Exterminator two.

The Cannon Group's biggest financial success has been with the 1986 action moving picture Cobra, which starred Sylvester Stallone; not a depression-upkeep film, it earned $160 1000000 on a $25 million budget.

Cannon also produced musical and one-act films such equally Breakin', Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo, The Last American Virgin, and the U.S. release of The Apple; erotic menstruum drama pictures such as Lady Chatterley's Lover (1981), Bolero, and Mata Hari (1985); scientific discipline fiction and fantasy films such every bit Hercules, Lifeforce, and The Barbarians; and serious pictures such as John Cassavetes' Love Streams, Franco Zeffirelli's Otello (a film version of the Verdi opera), Norman Mailer's Tough Guys Don't Dance, and Andrei Konchalovsky'south Runaway Train and Shy People.

During these years, Cannon prominently advertised at the Cannes Movie Festival each yr. Substantial pre-sales of the adjacent years' films were fabricated based on the strong salesmanship skills of Globus. The deposits fabricated from these sales financed product of the kickoff film in the production line-up, which—when completed and delivered to theatre owners around the globe—generated plenty coin to brand the adjacent film in the line-up. Slavenburg'southward bank [nl] in the netherlands (which had provided Cannon'due south offset-up capital in 1979) provided bridge financing until the pre-sales amounts were collected.[eleven]

In 1982, The Cannon Group, Inc. entered into a relationship with MGM/UA Entertainment Co. whereas MGM/UA would distribute Cannon's films for theatrical and domicile video distribution via the MGM/UA Home Video label, and was to be function of the MGM/UA's distribution network, simply the deal was reupped in 1983, in order that MGM/UA would distribute its films theatrically in the North American region, every bit well as in the home video marketplace.[12] [thirteen] In 1984, The Cannon Group has signed a bargain with distributor UGC for an exclusive five-year pact, with UGC treatment French theatrical distribution and video rights of Cannon's upcoming feature films.[14] Also that year, on May 22, 1984, Cannon Group had acquired and absorbed Kenneth Rive's Gala Films, which was absorbed into Cannon Group's U.G. distribution arm.[xv] On June 25, 1985, Cannon Films bought out the rights to produce future films based on the comic book graphic symbol Superman from the Salkinds, and had a distribution assignment with Warner Bros. for a 1987 release.[16] Also that year, Cannon had to set up a French office past Nov, through the subsidiary Cannon France, and has plans to be the largest French distribution concatenation by side by side year.[17]

1986–1989: Afterward years [edit]

By 1986, output reached an apex with 43 films in i year. Golan remained chairman of the board, while Globus served as president. In 1986, Cannon attempted to produce film adaptations of the stage plays Zorba and American Buffalo, but these films were never materialized.[18] On April 23, 1986, Cannon Telly, the tv division of the Cannon Group, had eyeing the network tv, syndication and cable markets, with activity series being offered to dominate Cannon's television slate, and offered boob tube versions of the Cannon striking features The Delta Force and American Ninja.[19] On April thirty, 1986, Cannon had won the bid to distribute Roman Polanski's newest film Pirates, which was fix for debut on July 11, 1986, to 2,000 screens, which had browbeaten Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and De Laurentiis Entertainment Group.[20] That year, the company attempted plans to do a series of fairy tales to follow Rumpelstiltskin with a total of 12 fairy tale films planned by the studio as part of the Cannon Movie Tales series, simply Cannon wound up releasing a few of the fairy tales.[21]

Film critic Roger Ebert said of Golan-Globus in 1987, "no other product organization in the world today—certainly not any of the seven Hollywood 'majors'—has taken more chances with serious, marginal films than Cannon."[22] That year, Cannon gained its greatest artistic success: its 1986 Dutch production The Assault won the 1987 Academy Accolade for All-time Foreign Language Film and a Gilded Globe Honor for Best Strange Language Film. Meanwhile, Otello, based on the opera of the aforementioned name, also received a Golden Globe nomination that year.

Golan and Cannon Films were famous for making huge announcements and over-promoting films that did not live upwardly to expectations—or even exist. For example, Lifeforce (1985) was to be "the cinematic sci-fi outcome of the '80s" and Masters of the Universe (1987) was dubbed "the Star Wars of the '80s." Diversifying from film product, Cannon had begun purchasing film distributors and movie theaters. The purchases ranged from European companies (Thorn EMI Screen Amusement, Tuschinski Theatres, a 49-screen theater chain in the Netherlands, and the 53-screen Cannon Cinema Italia) to the sixth-largest chain in the United States, 425-screen "marginally profitable" Commonwealth Theaters.

Spider-Homo [edit]

Additionally, Cannon endemic the film rights to Spider-Human being, and planned to brand a Spider-Man film in the mid-1980s.[23] Golan and Globus agreed to pay Curiosity Comics $225,000 over the five-twelvemonth choice period, plus a percentage of the motion picture's revenues.[23] The rights would revert to Curiosity if a motion-picture show was non made by April 1990.[24] Marvel and Sony would somewhen complete a film in 2002 directed past Sam Raimi after the rights had been resecured.

Popularity in the UK [edit]

On August xx, 1986, both Cannon Screen Amusement, and archrival The Rank Organisation had jointly inked a $10 million understanding with the BBC to gain admission to the x British title library.[25] In May 1987, The Cannon Group sold its 2,000-championship British film library,[26] the Thorn-EMI Screen Entertainment Library, for $85-one thousand thousand to Weintraub Entertainment Group.[27] Shortly afterward, Cannon had dropped out of the HBO/Cannon Video joint venture with HBO. Cannon's films proved to be much more pop in the Britain than in its native United States, which is why Cannon caused several British cinema chains during the 1980s, and founded the mail-order video distribution service Videolog every bit a joint venture with Columbia House Europe, Ltd. in the mid-1980s. Cannon Cinemas were a familiar sight in the United Kingdom until the belatedly 1990s, when MGM Cannon cinemas were sold to Virgin who retained the multi screen sites and sold the traditional sites to a new ABC Cinemas.

Pathé ownership of Cannon [edit]

By 1988, a cooling in the film market place and a series of box office disappointments—including the multimillion-dollar production of Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987), whose original $36-million upkeep was slashed to $17 million—had once again put Cannon in financial woes. The company signed an agreement with Warner Bros. to handle part of their assets; however, the financial loss was staggering. Having purchased Thorn EMI's Thorn EMI Screen Entertainment partitioning in 1986,[28] Cannon Films was severely stretched, and faced bankruptcy. The U.Due south. Securities and Substitution Commission began an investigation into Cannon's financial reports, suspecting that Cannon had fraudulently misstated them. On the verge of failure, Cannon Films was taken over past Pathé Communications, a holding company controlled by Italian financier Giancarlo Parretti. Financed by the French bank Crédit Lyonnais, Pathé Communications' takeover of Cannon immediately began a corporate restructuring and refinancing of $250 one thousand thousand to pay off Cannon's debt. Past 1989, Golan, citing differences with both Parretti and Globus, resigned from his position and left Cannon to outset 21st Century Film Corporation, while Globus remained with Pathé.

One of the final films produced by Golan and Globus that received a wide release under the Cannon Films banner was the Jean-Claude Van Damme mail-apocalyptic action motion picture Cyborg. This film was conceived to utilize both the costumes and sets built for an intended sequel to Masters of the Universe and the sick-fated live-activeness version of Spider-Man. Both projects were planned to shoot simultaneously under the management of Albert Pyun. Later on Cannon Films had to cancel deals with both Mattel and Curiosity Amusement Grouping considering of their financial troubles, they needed to recoup the money spent on both projects. Every bit part of his severance bundle from Pathé, Golan took the rights to Curiosity'southward characters Spider-Human being and Helm America (Golan was able to put Helm America into production, and released it directly to video through his 21st Century Motion picture Corporation, while, as aforementioned, Columbia would eventually take Spider-Homo to production for 2002 release). Not to allow that pre-production work become to waste material, Pyun wrote Cyborg, with Chuck Norris in listen, suggesting it to Cannon Films. Jean-Claude Van Damme was cast in the pb function. Some television stations still give the flick's championship as Masters of the Universe ii: Cyborg.

1990–1994: Relaunch and demise [edit]

Following Golan's departure from Cannon Films, he became the head of 21st Century Film Corporation. Globus continued working with Parretti at Pathé. When Pathé took over command of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1990 as part of the MGM-Pathe merger, a majority of the Cannon Films library became office of the MGM library (certain rights for other media and select films during the Thorn EMI merger at present prevarication with other entities). During Parretti's tenure at MGM, he appointed Globus as president of the studio for a brief menstruum of fourth dimension.

In 1990, Parretti reorganized Cannon Pictures, Inc. as the depression-budget distribution arm of Pathé. Veteran Italian moving picture producer Ovidio M. Assonitis served as chairman and CEO of the new Cannon Pictures from 1990 to 1991. After the MGM-Pathé merger, Cannon Pictures spun off from Pathé, and was later run past sometime Cannon Group product head Christopher Pearce, who served as chairman and CEO from 1991 to 1994. Cannon Pictures connected to release films, including A Man Called Sarge, American Ninja 4: The Annihilation and No Place to Hide. Parretti was pushed out of management control of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1991 past Crédit Lyonnais, after he defaulted on loan payments.[29] Parretti was later on bedevilled of perjury and evidence tampering in a Delaware court for statements he made in a 1991 ceremonious case, brought past Credit Lyonnais to validate their removal of Parretti, to the effect that a certificate he claimed immune him to retain control of MGM was authentic;[xxx] [31] he fled the country for Italy earlier he could be sentenced or extradited to French republic, where he was wanted on criminal charges related to his employ of MGM'south French assets.[31] [32] In 1994, Cannon Pictures released its last film, Hellbound.

In 1997, the California Superior Courtroom in Los Angeles entered a last judgement in a separate civil adapt against Parretti, ordering him to pay $1.48 billion to Credit Lyonnais.[31] After Federal prosecutors unsealed an indictment confronting Parretti and Florio Fiorini accusing them of fraud in 1999, Italian regime arrested both men and held them for extradition to the United States.[33] Parretti was released by the court of entreatment in Perugia shortly thereafter, ordered to remain in his home town of Orvieto and report to the police three times a week, fifty-fifty though government in Rome had requested he be held pending a decision on the extradition.[ citation needed ]

1997–2014: Golan-Afineevsky era [edit]

After the bankruptcy of the 21st Century Motion picture Corporation in 1996, Golan's interest focused on multiple television films later he founded his new moving-picture show product company, New Cannon, Inc. with Evgeny Afineevsky from the tardily 1990s to the early on 2010s. Some of their films included Lima: Breaking the Silence (1998), Death Game (2001), Crime and Penalty (2002), Marriage Agreement (2008) and Oy Vey! My Son Is Gay!! (2009). The visitor changed its proper name to New Generation Films in 2002.[34] Afineevsky remains co-chairman of the Board. The duo kept making films together till Golan's death in the August of 2014.

2014–nowadays: Resurgence [edit]

In 2014, in that location were two documentary films released virtually Cannon Films. RatPac Amusement released Electric Boogaloo: The Wild, Untold Story of Cannon Films, a documentary most Cannon Films, written and directed by Mark Hartley, and produced by Brett Ratner.[35] That same year, the Israeli documentary The Go-Go Boys: The Within Story of Cannon Films was launched at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.[36]

Globus' return to Hollywood

In 2015, Globus sold "Globus Max" and returned to Hollywood to launch a new film product company, "Rebel Way Amusement." The company seeks to reconnect young and web-crazy audiences with the traditional theatrical experience.[37] As of February 2023, their only picture show is Deported (2020), directed by Tyler Spindel.

Filmography [edit]

Run into also [edit]

  • MGM Domicile Entertainment, the company that now owns nigh of Cannon films' library.
  • Warner Bros. Home Entertainment, whose parent company Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc. currently owns Cannon's postal service-1991 films, likewise as titles that Cannon produced merely were distributed past Warner. Additionally, Warner Bros. Home Entertainment is also a new distributor nether license from MGM Home Entertainment since July 1, 2020, as a effect of MGM/Fox home media deal expiring on June 30, in which WB at present managed to distributed the unabridged Cannon films' library (with MGM) in concrete home media worldwide.
  • Paramount Pictures, the visitor that owns the television rights to near of the Cannon library.

References [edit]

  1. ^ Fabrikant, Geraldine (1989-03-01). "THE MEDIA BUSINESS; Golan Quits Cannon Grouping To Class His Own Company". The New York Times . Retrieved 2010-08-08 .
  2. ^ Lambie, Ryan (September 20, 2013). "The rise and fall of Cannon Films". Den of Geek . Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  3. ^ "Ernie Sands Camber: Let 'Joe' Make it As Surprise Item". Diverseness. September 23, 1970. p. 6.
  4. ^ "Golan-Globus Finally At Habitation In Hollywood". SunSentinel.com. Retrieved 2010-08-27 .
  5. ^ Delugach, Al (Baronial 24, 1986). "Cannon Bid as Major Studio Is Bewilderment Business firm's Futurity at Risk in High-Stakes Take chances". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2010-12-04 .
  6. ^ "Missing in Action". Box Office Mojo . Retrieved January 29, 2012.
  7. ^ a b "War Movie Mondays, Missing in Action Moving picture Review". The Flick Cast. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
  8. ^ a b "Box Function Flashback, December ten, 1984". Pop Dose: Pop Culture News, Reviews and Give-and-take. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
  9. ^ "Motion-picture show Review: Missing in Action Trilogy". moviesoothsayer. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
  10. ^ "Trivia for Missing in Action". IMDb . Retrieved Jan 29, 2012.
  11. ^ Wasser, Frederick (2009). Veni, Vidi, Video: The Hollywood Empire and the VCR. University of Texas Press. pp. 122–three. ISBN9780292773943.
  12. ^ "Cannon Nears Deal with MGM-UA For Domestic Payoff". Variety. 1983-04-13. p. 3.
  13. ^ "Cannon Easily Pics to MGM/UA for Domestic Homevid". Multifariousness. 1983-04-06. p. iii.
  14. ^ Watkins, Roger (1984-05-xvi). "Cannon Firms Five-Year Pact With France's UGC for Video, Theatricals; Mull German Link". Diverseness. p. v.
  15. ^ "Cannon To Absorb Rive'southward Gala Films". Variety. 1984-05-23. pp. five, 45.
  16. ^ "Cannon buys rights to produce future 'Superman' movies". Diverseness. 1985-06-26. p. 7.
  17. ^ "Cannon French republic Sets Mid-Nov Bow With High Ambitions". Variety. 1985-10-thirty. p. 5.
  18. ^ "Cannon To Produce 'Zorba', 'Buffalo'". Variety. 1986-03-19. p. 4.
  19. ^ "Cannon Lays Foundation For Big Push Into TV Production; 60 minutes Series; Lotsa Development". Variety. 1986-04-23. p. 43.
  20. ^ "Cannon To Handle Polanski's 'Pirates'". Variety. 1986-04-30. p. vii.
  21. ^ Fainaru, Edina (1986-04-09). "Cannon To Follow 'Rumpelstiltskin' With 11 More Tales". Multifariousness. p. 4.
  22. ^ Ebert, Roger (1987). Two Weeks in the Midday Sun: a Cannes notebook. Kansas City, Mo.: Andrews and McMeel. p. 109. ISBN978-0-8362-7942-9. OCLC 16679215.
  23. ^ a b Grover, Ronald (2002-04-15). "Unraveling Spider-Man's Tangled Spider web". Concern Week. Retrieved 2010-08-08 .
  24. ^ "The Beeb Buys Rights To Cannon, Rank Pics". Variety. 1986-08-twenty. p. 53.
  25. ^ Knoedelseder, William K. Jr. (Baronial 7, 1987). "Cannon Group Loses $9.9 One thousand thousand in Quarter". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved two July 2012.
  26. ^ Cieply, Michael (Jan 11, 1989). "Weintraub's Worries : Box-Office Flops Add to Woes of Flashy 'Mini-Major'". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  27. ^ "Vertical integration". Terramedia.co.uk. 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2016-04-10 .
  28. ^ Citron, Alan; Cieply, Michael (1991-04-24). "Financing Details Add Bizarre Twist to MGM Saga". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles. Retrieved 2010-09-25 .
  29. ^ "One-time MGM Owner Bedevilled of Perjury". The New York Times. New York. 1996-ten-03. Business Day. Retrieved 2010-xi-12 .
  30. ^ a b c Fabrikant, Geraldine (1997-06-eleven). "Parretti Ordered to Pay Credit Lyonnais". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved 2010-11-12 .
  31. ^ "Former MGM Executive Flees Before Court Date". The New York Times. New York. 1997-01-04. Business concern Mean solar day. Retrieved 2010-11-12 .
  32. ^ Pollack, Andrew (1999-ten-xiii). "Bank Has Paid $iv Million To Settle Case Over MGM". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved 2010-xi-12 .
  33. ^ "New Generation Films". Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  34. ^ Brown, Todd. "AFM 2011: Mark Hartley To Do The ELECTRIC BOOGALOO". Twitch. Archived from the original on 2012-08-xv. Retrieved 2011-11-eleven .
  35. ^ "'The Go-Go Boys': Cannes Review". The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved October xx, 2014.
  36. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (18 July 2016). "Yoram Globus Returns To Hollywood With Rebel Way, Turning Viral Talent into Movie Stars". Retrieved xix Baronial 2018.

External links [edit]

  • Cannon Films Appreciation Society
  • Menahem Golan at IMDb
  • Yoram Globus at IMDb
  • "Loose Cannons Podcast" Hosts Mathew Kumar and Justin Decloux discuss the Cannon Films Library in (more often than not) Chronological Order
  • Cannon Films Night on The Radio Dan Bear witness

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cannon_Group,_Inc.

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